Serial heart rate changes in rats inoculated by conjunctival instillation of Trypanosoma cruzi obtained from bug faeces Alterações do ritmo cardíaco de ratos infectados pela via conjuntival por Trypanosoma cruzi obtidos de fezes de triatomíneos
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چکیده
The cardiac effects of experimentally induced myocarditis, when the parasite is obtained from mouse blood, are well known. However, the consequences of the infection when the parasites are obtained from bug faeces are less well defined. In the present investigation, we have used the “Y” strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, which was maintained in Rhodnius prolixus by repeated passages in mice. The faeces of 30 infected bugs were collected, the number of parasites counted and 4,000 parasites inoculated by the conjunctival route in 60 rats. Twenty-nine other rats received faeces from noninfected bugs (sham-inoculated controls) and 40 were used as normal controls. The heart rate of the three groups of animals was recorded under general anesthesia with ether. The heart rate, at day 0 pre-inoculation, was similar in the three groups of animals (Controls: 379 ± 27 beats/min Mean ± SD; Sham-inoculated: 366 ± 31; Infected: 351 ± 29) (p> 0.05). In the infected animals, the mean heart rate began to increase significantly by day 12 following infection (375 ± 31), reaching the highest values between days 18 (390 ± 33) and 21 (403 ± 33) and returned to baseline by day 30 (359 ± 28) (p< 0.05). The heart rate changes were statistically different from those observed in the sham-inoculated controls and in the control animals. Therefore, these heart rate changes were provoked by the Trypanosoma cruzi-induced infection. Thus, it appears that irrespective of the source of the parasite and route of inoculation Trypanosoma cruzi acute infection provokes a transient sinus tachycardia. Key-words: Trypanosoma cruzi. Conjunctival infection. Experimental Chagas’ infection. Heart rate. Autonomic dysfunction. Resumo Os efeitos da miocardite chagásica experimental, produzida por Trypanosoma cruzi proveniente do sangue de camundongos são bem conhecidos. O mesmo não ocorre quando a inoculação é feita com Trypanosoma cruzi proveniente de fezes do vetor. No presente estudo, usamos a variedade “Y” do Trypanosoma cruzi mantida em Rodhnius prolixus por repetidas passagens em camundongos. As fezes de 30 insetos parasitados foram coletadas e contados os parasitas. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três grupos de ratos. O primeiro, controle, formado por 40 animais, o segundo, por 29 animais que receberam fezes de insetos não infectados (controle falso inoculado) e o terceiro grupo constituído por 60 ratos inoculados com 4.000 parasitas, por via conjuntival. Em todos os animais, após anestesia geral, registrou-se a freqüência cardíaca (FC). Esta, antes da inoculação, era similar nos infectados e nos controles (controle 379 ± 27bpm; falso inoculado: 366 ± 31bpm; infectado 351 ± 29bpm). No 12o dia após a infecção, a FC no grupo chagásico começou a se elevar (375 ± 31bpm) atingindo seu valor máximo entre os dias 18 (390 ± 33bpm) e 21 (403 ± 33bpm). No 33o dia pós-infecção, a FC retornou ao valor basal inicial. Nos grupos controles, não se detectaram alterações da FC. O estudo estatístico mostrou que as variações da FC, no grupo infectado, foram estatisticamente diferentes das detectadas nos outros grupos. Conclui-se que a infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, em ratos, produz taquicardia sinusal transitória, independente da fonte do parasita e da via de inoculação. Palavras-chaves: Trypanosoma cruzi. Infecção conjuntival. Infecção chagásica experimental. Ritmo cardíaco. Disfunção autonômica. Departamento de Biología y Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. Supported in part by Projects No M-354-90 and C-534-91 CDCH-T-ULA. Address to: Dr. Diego F. Dávila. Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares. Apartado Postal 590, Mérida,Venezuela Fax: 051 74 403230 e-mail: [email protected] Recebido para publicação em 18/12/97.
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تاریخ انتشار 2001